{"id":57,"date":"2019-04-17T10:53:16","date_gmt":"2019-04-17T10:53:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mortezayung.com\/raha\/creative\/?p=57"},"modified":"2023-04-19T19:10:06","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T17:10:06","slug":"explorer-enjoying-night","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/speak-with-engineer.pl\/index.php\/2019\/04\/17\/explorer-enjoying-night\/","title":{"rendered":"architektura grecka"},"content":{"rendered":"<style type=\"text\/css\"><\/style>\n<section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-2482757 kc_row\">\n<div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-1430330 kc_col-sm-12 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"kc-col-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-3491345 kc_text_block\">\n<div><span style=\"font-style: inherit; color: #202124; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">The two principal orders in Archaic and Classical Greek architecture are&nbsp;<\/span><b style=\"font-style: inherit; color: #202124; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">the Doric and the Ionic<\/b><span style=\"font-style: inherit; color: #202124; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">. In the first, the Doric order, the columns are fluted and have no base. The capitals are composed of two parts consisting of a flat slab, the abacus, and a cushionlike slab known as the echinus.<\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #333333; font-family: MetSans, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, 'Noto Sans SC', 'Noto Sans TC', 'Noto Sans JP', 'Noto Sans KR', sans-serif; font-size: 21.7221px; font-style: inherit;\">Ancient Greek architects strove for the precision and excellence of workmanship that are the hallmarks of Greek art in general. The formulas they invented as early as the sixth century B.C. have influenced the architecture of the past two millennia. The two principal orders in Archaic and Classical Greek architecture are the Doric and the Ionic. In the first, the Doric order, the columns are fluted and have no base. The capitals are composed of two parts consisting of a flat slab, the abacus, and a cushionlike slab known as the echinus. On the capital rests the entablature, which is made up of three parts: the architrave, the frieze, and the cornice. The architrave is typically undecorated except for a narrow band to which are attached pegs, known as guttae. On the frieze are alternating series of triglyphs (three bars) and metopes, stone slabs frequently decorated with relief sculpture. The pediment, the triangular space enclosed by the gables at either end of the building, was often adorned with sculpture, early on in relief and later in the round. Among the best-preserved examples of Archaic Doric architecture are the temple of Apollo at Corinth, built in the second quarter of the sixth century B.C., and the temple of Aphaia at Aegina, built around 500\u2013480 B.C. To the latter belong at least three different groups of pedimental sculpture exemplary of stylistic development between the end of the sixth and beginning of the fifth century B.C. in Attica.<\/span><font color=\"#333333\" face=\"MetSans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Noto Sans SC, Noto Sans TC, Noto Sans JP, Noto Sans KR, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 21.7221px;\">Ancient Greek architects strove for the precision and excellence of workmanship that are the hallmarks of Greek art in general. The formulas they invented as early as the sixth century B.C. have influenced the architecture of the past two millennia. The two principal orders in Archaic and Classical Greek architecture are the Doric and the Ionic. In the first, the Doric order, the columns are fluted and have no base. The capitals are composed of two parts consisting of a flat slab, the abacus, and a cushionlike slab known as the echinus. On the capital rests the entablature, which is made up of three parts: the architrave, the frieze, and the cornice. The architrave is typically undecorated except for a narrow band to which are attached pegs, known as guttae. On the frieze are alternating series of triglyphs (three bars) and metopes, stone slabs frequently decorated with relief sculpture. The pediment, the triangular space enclosed by the gables at either end of the building, was often adorned with sculpture, early on in relief and later in the round. Among the best-preserved examples of Archaic Doric architecture are the temple of Apollo at Corinth, built in the second quarter of the sixth century B.C., and the temple of Aphaia at Aegina, built around 500\u2013480 B.C. To the latter belong at least three different groups of pedimental sculpture exemplary of stylistic development between the end of the sixth and beginning of the fifth century B.C. in Attica.<\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font color=\"#333333\" face=\"MetSans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Noto Sans SC, Noto Sans TC, Noto Sans JP, Noto Sans KR, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 21.7221px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font color=\"#333333\" face=\"MetSans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Noto Sans SC, Noto Sans TC, Noto Sans JP, Noto Sans KR, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 21.7221px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font color=\"#333333\" face=\"MetSans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Noto Sans SC, Noto Sans TC, Noto Sans JP, Noto Sans KR, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 21.7221px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font color=\"#333333\" face=\"MetSans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Noto Sans SC, Noto Sans TC, Noto Sans JP, Noto Sans 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\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c6\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0.\u03a7. \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c4\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/span><br \/><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font color=\"#333333\" face=\"MetSans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Noto Sans SC, Noto Sans TC, Noto Sans JP, Noto Sans KR, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 21.7221px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font color=\"#333333\" face=\"MetSans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Noto Sans SC, Noto Sans TC, Noto Sans JP, Noto Sans KR, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 21.7221px;\">Dwa g\u0142\u00f3wne porz\u0105dki w archaicznej i klasycznej architekturze greckiej to dorycki i jo\u0144ski. W pierwszym, porz\u0105dku doryckim, kolumny s\u0105 \u017c\u0142obkowane i nie maj\u0105 podstawy. Kapitele sk\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 z dw\u00f3ch cz\u0119\u015bci sk\u0142adaj\u0105cych si\u0119 z p\u0142askiej p\u0142yty, liczyd\u0142a i podobnej do poduszki p\u0142yty znanej jako echinus. Staro\u017cytni greccy architekci d\u0105\u017cyli do precyzji i doskona\u0142o\u015bci wykonania, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 cechami charakterystycznymi sztuki greckiej w og\u00f3le. Formu\u0142y, kt\u00f3re wymy\u015blili ju\u017c w VI wieku p.n.e. wp\u0142yn\u0119\u0142y na architektur\u0119 ostatnich dw\u00f3ch tysi\u0105cleci. Dwa g\u0142\u00f3wne porz\u0105dki w archaicznej i klasycznej architekturze greckiej to dorycki i jo\u0144ski. W pierwszym, porz\u0105dku doryckim, kolumny s\u0105 \u017c\u0142obkowane i nie maj\u0105 podstawy. Kapitele sk\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 z dw\u00f3ch cz\u0119\u015bci sk\u0142adaj\u0105cych si\u0119 z p\u0142askiej p\u0142yty, liczyd\u0142a i p\u0142yty podobnej do poduszki zwanej echinus. Na kapitelu spoczywa belkowanie, kt\u00f3re sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z trzech cz\u0119\u015bci: architrawu, fryzu i gzymsu. Architraw jest zazwyczaj nie ozdobiony, z wyj\u0105tkiem w\u0105skiego paska, do kt\u00f3rego przymocowane s\u0105 ko\u0142ki, znane jako gutae. Na fryzie wyst\u0119puj\u0105 naprzemiennie ci\u0105gi tryglif\u00f3w (trzy takty) i metopy, kamienne p\u0142yty cz\u0119sto zdobione p\u0142askorze\u017ab\u0105. Fronton, tr\u00f3jk\u0105tna przestrze\u0144 uj\u0119ta szczytami na obu ko\u0144cach budynku, by\u0142a cz\u0119sto ozdobiona rze\u017abami, na pocz\u0105tku p\u0142askorze\u017aby, a p\u00f3\u017aniej na okr\u0105g\u0142o. Do najlepiej zachowanych przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w archaicznej architektury doryckiej nale\u017c\u0105 \u015bwi\u0105tynia Apollina w Koryncie, zbudowana w drugiej \u0107wierci VI wieku p.n.e., oraz \u015bwi\u0105tynia Aphaia na Eginie, zbudowana oko\u0142o 500-480 p.n.e. Do tych ostatnich nale\u017c\u0105 co najmniej trzy r\u00f3\u017cne grupy rze\u017aby nacz\u00f3\u0142kowej, wzorcowej rozwoju stylistycznego mi\u0119dzy ko\u0144cem VI a pocz\u0105tkiem V wieku p.n.e. w Attyce. Staro\u017cytni greccy architekci d\u0105\u017cyli do precyzji i doskona\u0142o\u015bci wykonania, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 cechami charakterystycznymi sztuki greckiej w og\u00f3le. Formu\u0142y, kt\u00f3re wymy\u015blili ju\u017c w VI wieku p.n.e. wp\u0142yn\u0119\u0142y na architektur\u0119 ostatnich dw\u00f3ch tysi\u0105cleci. Dwa g\u0142\u00f3wne porz\u0105dki w archaicznej i klasycznej architekturze greckiej to dorycki i jo\u0144ski. W pierwszym, porz\u0105dku doryckim, kolumny s\u0105 \u017c\u0142obkowane i nie maj\u0105 podstawy. Kapitele sk\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 z dw\u00f3ch cz\u0119\u015bci sk\u0142adaj\u0105cych si\u0119 z p\u0142askiej p\u0142yty, liczyd\u0142a i p\u0142yty podobnej do poduszki zwanej echinus. Na kapitelu spoczywa belkowanie, kt\u00f3re sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z trzech cz\u0119\u015bci: architrawu, fryzu i gzymsu. Architraw jest zazwyczaj nie ozdobiony, z wyj\u0105tkiem w\u0105skiego paska, do kt\u00f3rego przymocowane s\u0105 ko\u0142ki, znane jako gutae. Na fryzie wyst\u0119puj\u0105 naprzemiennie ci\u0105gi tryglif\u00f3w (trzy takty) i metopy, kamienne p\u0142yty cz\u0119sto zdobione p\u0142askorze\u017ab\u0105. Fronton, tr\u00f3jk\u0105tna przestrze\u0144 uj\u0119ta szczytami na obu ko\u0144cach budynku, by\u0142a cz\u0119sto ozdobiona rze\u017abami, na pocz\u0105tku p\u0142askorze\u017aby, a p\u00f3\u017aniej na okr\u0105g\u0142o. Do najlepiej zachowanych przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w archaicznej architektury doryckiej nale\u017c\u0105 \u015bwi\u0105tynia Apollina w Koryncie, zbudowana w drugiej \u0107wierci VI wieku p.n.e., oraz \u015bwi\u0105tynia Aphaia na Eginie, zbudowana oko\u0142o 500-480 p.n.e. Do tych ostatnich nale\u017c\u0105 co najmniej trzy r\u00f3\u017cne grupy rze\u017aby nacz\u00f3\u0142kowej, wzorcowej rozwoju stylistycznego mi\u0119dzy ko\u0144cem VI a pocz\u0105tkiem V wieku p.n.e. w Attyce.<\/span><br \/><\/font><\/div>\n<div><font color=\"#333333\" face=\"MetSans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Noto Sans SC, Noto Sans TC, Noto Sans JP, Noto Sans KR, sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size: 21.7221px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/font><\/div>\n<pre id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"unicode-bidi: isolate; font-size: 28px; line-height: 36px; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: none; padding: 2px 0.14em 2px 0px; position: relative; margin-top: -2px; margin-bottom: -2px; resize: none; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; width: 270px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: #202124;\" data-placeholder=\"T\u0142umaczenie\"><br><\/pre>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"iYB33c\" style=\"display: flex; justify-content: space-between; width: 302px; position: absolute; bottom: 0px; left: 0px; height: 48px;\">\n<div class=\"dlJLJe\" style=\"display: flex; margin: 10px 11px 0px auto;\">\n<div style=\"visibility: hidden; position: relative;\" data-cviv=\"false\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjz26Whu4T3AhWrIbkGHSHKBzYQz_AEegQIAxAP\">\n<div class=\"U9URNb\" style=\"opacity: 0.74; color: #202124; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; min-width: 26px; margin: -11px; padding: 11px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"dimg_3\" class=\"YQ4gaf zr758c wA1Bge\" style=\"display: block; border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; position: relative; padding-top: 3px;\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAUCAQAAAAngNWGAAAA\/0lEQVR4AYXNMSiEcRyA4cfmGHQbCZIipkuxnJgMStlMNmeyD2dwmc8+sZgxYJd9ErIZFHUyYYD7fkr6l4\/rnvmtl7+KitrqV\/fq2Y5eLY3Z9S48eRLe7BmVZ9qhTLhQ0algzZWQOVKSsCF8OjAnwbxDTWFDUhPK\/jMr1H6HE\/IqRky2DyvCefuwItwZzodVoYRiLqMkVCXrwpJ9twZ+sgfDYEFYl8wIWxZ9uFf7zkallxlJh4YrLGsKjZRx7VGHhLqwgFUN45DGdb8MeXGpgB4ABZdeDcpZEY51A+hyLKz4S1W4MQWm3AibWtgWmk6dyISa1pSdyWTOlLXVp0+eL9D\/ZPfBTNanAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"ikona Zweryfikowane przez spo\u0142eczno\u015b\u0107\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-atf=\"0\" data-frt=\"0\"><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"tw-tmenu\" class=\"tw-menu\" style=\"display: inline-block; position: absolute; left: 0px; white-space: nowrap;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; font-size: 28px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-style: inherit;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-41495 kc_row\">\n<div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-3456341 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"kc-col-container\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-174120 kc_row\">\n<div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-4296829 kc_col-sm-12 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"kc-col-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-1506117 kc_shortcode kc_single_image\">\n<p>        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/speak-with-engineer.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/jonskie-kolumny-na-klasycznej-architekturze-88191231.jpg\" class=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The two principal orders in Archaic and Classical Greek architecture are&nbsp;the Doric and the Ionic. In the first, the Doric order, the columns are fluted and have no base. The capitals are composed of two parts consisting of a flat slab, the abacus, and a cushionlike slab known as the echinus..Ancient Greek architects strove for the precision and excellence of workmanship that are the hallmarks of Greek art in general. The formulas they invented as early as the sixth century B.C. have influenced the architecture of the past two millennia. The two principal orders in Archaic and Classical Greek architecture are the Doric and the Ionic. In the first, the Doric order, the columns are fluted and have no base. The capitals are composed of two parts consisting of a flat slab, the abacus, and a cushionlike slab known as the echinus. On the capital rests the entablature, which is made up of three parts: the architrave, the frieze, and the cornice. The architrave is typically undecorated except for a narrow band to which are attached pegs, known as guttae. On the frieze are alternating series of triglyphs (three bars) and metopes, stone slabs frequently decorated with relief sculpture. The pediment, the triangular space enclosed by the gables at either end of the building, was often adorned with sculpture, early on in relief and later in the round. Among the best-preserved examples of Archaic Doric architecture are the temple of Apollo at Corinth, built in the second quarter of the sixth century B.C., and the temple of Aphaia at Aegina, built around 500\u2013480 B.C. To the latter belong at least three different groups of pedimental sculpture exemplary of stylistic development between the end of the sixth and beginning of the fifth century B.C. in Attica.Ancient Greek architects strove for the precision and excellence of workmanship that are the hallmarks of Greek art in general. The formulas they invented as early as the sixth century B.C. have influenced the architecture of the past two millennia. The two principal orders in Archaic and Classical Greek architecture are the Doric and the Ionic. In the first, the Doric order, the columns are fluted and have no base. The capitals are composed of two parts consisting of a flat slab, the abacus, and a cushionlike slab known as the echinus. On the capital rests the entablature, which is made up of three parts: the architrave, the frieze, and the cornice. The architrave is typically undecorated except for a narrow band to which are attached pegs, known as guttae. On the frieze are alternating series of triglyphs (three bars) and metopes, stone slabs frequently decorated with relief sculpture. The pediment, the triangular space enclosed by the gables at either end of the building, was often adorned with sculpture, early on in relief and later in the round. Among the best-preserved examples of Archaic Doric architecture are the temple of Apollo at Corinth, built in the second quarter of the sixth century B.C., and the temple of Aphaia at Aegina, built around 500\u2013480 B.C. 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